Richtige Fernseher haben Röhren!

Richtige Fernseher haben Röhren!

In Brief: On this site you will find pictures and information about some of the electronic, electrical and electrotechnical Obsolete technology relics that the Frank Sharp Private museum has accumulated over the years .
Premise: There are lots of vintage electrical and electronic items that have not survived well or even completely disappeared and forgotten.

Or are not being collected nowadays in proportion to their significance or prevalence in their heyday, this is bad and the main part of the death land. The heavy, ugly sarcophagus; models with few endearing qualities, devices that have some over-riding disadvantage to ownership such as heavy weight,toxicity or inflated value when dismantled, tend to be under-represented by all but the most comprehensive collections and museums. They get relegated to the bottom of the wants list, derided as 'more trouble than they are worth', or just forgotten entirely. As a result, I started to notice gaps in the current representation of the history of electronic and electrical technology to the interested member of the public.

Following this idea around a bit, convinced me that a collection of the peculiar alone could not hope to survive on its own merits, but a museum that gave equal display space to the popular and the unpopular, would bring things to the attention of the average person that he has previously passed by or been shielded from. It's a matter of culture. From this, the Obsolete Technology Tellye Web Museum concept developed and all my other things too. It's an open platform for all electrical Electronic TV technology to have its few, but NOT last, moments of fame in a working, hand-on environment. We'll never own Colossus or Faraday's first transformer, but I can show things that you can't see at the Science Museum, and let you play with things that the Smithsonian can't allow people to touch, because my remit is different.

There was a society once that was the polar opposite of our disposable, junk society. A whole nation was built on the idea of placing quality before quantity in all things. The goal was not “more and newer,” but “better and higher" .This attitude was reflected not only in the manufacturing of material goods, but also in the realms of art and architecture, as well as in the social fabric of everyday life. The goal was for each new cohort of children to stand on a higher level than the preceding cohort: they were to be healthier, stronger, more intelligent, and more vibrant in every way.

The society that prioritized human, social and material quality is a Winner. Truly, it is the high point of all Western civilization. Consequently, its defeat meant the defeat of civilization itself.

Today, the West is headed for the abyss. For the ultimate fate of our disposable society is for that society itself to be disposed of. And this will happen sooner, rather than later.

OLD, but ORIGINAL, Well made, Funny, Not remotely controlled............. and not Made in CHINA.

How to use the site:
- If you landed here via any Search Engine, you will get what you searched for and you can search more using the search this blog feature provided by Google. You can visit more posts scrolling the left blog archive of all posts of the month/year,
or you can click on the main photo-page to start from the main page. Doing so it starts from the most recent post to the older post simple clicking on the Older Post button on the bottom of each page after reading , post after post.

You can even visit all posts, time to time, when reaching the bottom end of each page and click on the Older Post button.

- If you arrived here at the main page via bookmark you can visit all the site scrolling the left blog archive of all posts of the month/year pointing were you want , or more simple You can even visit all blog posts, from newer to older, clicking at the end of each bottom page on the Older Post button.
So you can see all the blog/site content surfing all pages in it.

- The search this blog feature provided by Google is a real search engine. If you're pointing particular things it will search IT for you; or you can place a brand name in the search query at your choice and visit all results page by page. It's useful since the content of the site is very large.

Note that if you don't find what you searched for, try it after a period of time; the site is a never ending job !

Every CRT Television saved let revive knowledge, thoughts, moments of the past life which will never return again.........

Many contemporary "televisions" (more correctly named as displays) would not have this level of staying power, many would ware out or require major services within just five years or less and of course, there is that perennial bug bear of planned obsolescence where components are deliberately designed to fail and, or manufactured with limited edition specificities..... and without considering........picture......sound........quality........
..............The bitterness of poor quality is remembered long after the sweetness of todays funny gadgets low price has faded from memory........ . . . . . .....
Don't forget the past, the end of the world is upon us! Pretty soon it will all turn to dust!

Have big FUN ! !
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©2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 Frank Sharp - You do not have permission to copy photos and words from this blog, and any content may be never used it for auctions or commercial purposes, however feel free to post anything you see here with a courtesy link back, btw a link to the original post here , is mandatory.
All sets and apparates appearing here are property of Engineer Frank Sharp. NOTHING HERE IS FOR SALE !
All posts are presented here for informative, historical and educative purposes as applicable within Fair Use.


Sunday, December 11, 2011

LOEWE F875 SENSOTRONIC YEAR 1974.





The LOEWE F875 SENSOTRONIC is a 24 inches B/W television set with 8 programs preselection with touch sensor keyboard program change and potentiometers tuning search.

The particularity of the set is the chassis technology used in horizontal and EHT stages:The  Horizontal Beam Deflection  and high voltage generating circuits are realized with Thyristors circuits. 
The massive demand for colour television receivers in Europe/Germany in the 70's  brought about an influx of sets from the continent. Many of these use the thin -neck (29mm) type of 110° shadowmask tube and the Philips 20AX CRT Tube, plus the already Delta Gun CRT and at last some B/W sets like the LOEWE F875 SENSOTRONIC.
Scanning of these tubes is accomplished by means of a toroidally wound deflection yoke (conventional 90° and thick -neck 110° tubes operate with saddle -wound deflection coils). The inductance of a toroidal yoke is very much less than that of a saddle -wound yoke, thus higher scan currents are required. The deflection current necessary for the line scan is about 12A peak -to -peak. This could be provided by a transistor line output stage but a current step-up transformer, which is bulky and both difficult and costly to manufacture, would be required. 
An entirely different approach, pioneered by RCA in America and developed by them and by ITT (SEL) in Germany, is the thyristor line output stage. In this system the scanning current is provided via two thyristors and two switching diodes which due to their characteristics can supply the deflection yoke without a step-up transformer (a small transformer is still required to obtain the input voltage pulse for the e.h.t. tripler). The purpose of this article is to explain the basic operation of such circuits. The thyristor line output circuit offers high reliability since all switching occurs at zero current level. C.R.T. flashovers, which can produce high current surges (up to 60A), have no detrimental effects on the switching diodes or thyristors since the forward voltage drop across these devices is small and the duration of the current pulses short. If a surge limiting resistor is pro- vided in the tube's final anode circuit the peak voltages produced by flashovers seldom exceed the normal repetitive circuit voltages by more than 50-100V. This is well within the device ratings.       Numerous circuit designs for completely transistorized television receivers either have been incorporated in commercially available receivers or have been described in detail in various technical publications. One of the most troublesome areas in such transistor receivers, from the point of View of reliability and economy, lies in the horizontal deflection circuits.
       As an attempt to avoid the voltage and current limitations of transistor deflection circuits, a number of circuits have been proposed utilizing the silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), a semiconductor device capable of handling substantially higher currents and voltages than transistors.
       The circuit utilizes two bi-directionally conductive switching means which serve respectively as trace and commutating switches. Particularly, each of the switching means comprises the parallel combination of a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) and a diode. The commutating switch is triggered on shortly before the desired beginning of retrace and, in conjunction with a resonant commutating circuit having an inductor and two capacitors, serves to turn off the trace switch to initiate retrace. The commutating circuit is also arranged to turn oft the commutating SCR before the end of retrace.


- THYRISTORS like many of color televisions sets inclusive some LOEWE models in the 70's.

- EHT KASKADE - TRIPLER like many of color televisions setsfor long time in production from the 60's to the 90's.

It has a  sensor keyboard for local commands, includes a plurality of tuning positions each defined by an adjustable potentiometer, a neon bulb indicator, a UHF/VHF switch and a two pole momentary contact touch switch. A common tuning capacitor has a tuning voltage developed thereacross for controlling the tuning of a varactor diode tuner. A source of reference potential is coupled across the tuning potentiometers and closure of any touch switch results in the tuning capacitor being charged from the voltage reference source through the selected one of the tuning potentiometers. The neon bulbs yield a visual indication of the selected tuning position. Circuitry for automatically placing control of the tuner to a preselected one of the tuning positions upon turn on of the receiver is also included.A solid-state voltage-controlled capacitor (varactor or varicap) UHF television tuner is described which includes a varicap preselector tuned circuit, a varicap tuned RF amplifier stage inductively coupled to the preselector circuit, and a varicap tuned oscillator stage, both the oscillator stage and the amplifier stage being inductively coupled to the diode mixer stage from which an IF signal is derived. The tuner employs a single tuning voltage source to tune across the entire UHF range and also includes provision for AGC. Trimmer capacitors and inductance adjusting devices of unique and advantageous configuration are employed to align the tuner. Further disclosed are unique methods of assembly and alignment for the tuner.
The Loewe brand values have been shaped consistently over a long period of time. It all began in Berlin in 1923, with the brothers Dr. Siegmund and David Ludwig Loewe. Since then, one principle has always been adhered to: setting new standards with innovation for the senses.

Loewe established an impressive level of quality as early as 1931, with the first public television transmission worldwide. Loewe has been producing quality made in Germany at its location in Kronach since 1948. In the last 20 years, in addition to the Art 1 from 1985 becoming a design classic, Loewe has received numerous national and international awards.

In 2005, Loewe became the leading premium flat screen television provider. It made its breakthrough with the Loewe Individual: the first flat screen television with individualised housing versions, set-up options and inset colours. In 2008, with the Loewe Connect, Loewe heralded a new, digital television age where non-system end devices could be connected to a flat screen television set. One year later, Loewe combined uncompromising ultraslim design with leading state-of-the-art technology in the Reference range. In 2010, Loewe ultimately introduced the Mediacenter, which provides perfect entertainment networking throughout the home. Another step towards the future.

Loewe AG (pronounced [ˈløːvə]) is the parent company of the German Loewe group. The Loewe group develops, manufactures and sells a wide variety of electronic, electrical and mechanical products and systems, and specialises in the field of consumer and communication technology. The company was founded in Berlin in 1923 by brothers Siegmund and David L. Loewe. The company has its headquarters and sole production facilities in Kronach, Franconia. Today, the range has expanded to include televisions, Blu-ray players, DVD recorders, hard disk recorders, multiroom systems, speakers and racks. The trend is shifting from individual products to complete home entertainment systems. Loewe AG is also represented internationally by sales partners and subsidiaries. These include subsidiaries in the Benelux countries, France, Italy, Austria and the UK. There are exclusive Loewe Galeries acting as flagship stores in many cities around the world, including Madrid, London, Paris, Amsterdam, Rome, Copenhagen, Vienna, Moscow and Hong Kong.


LOEWE Company history
It all began in 1923 in Berlin, when Dr Siegmund Loewe and his brother David Ludwig Loewe established a radio manufacturing company called Radiofrequenz GmbH. Their work with the young physicist Manfred von Ardenne in 1926 led to the development of the triple tube, which was first used in the Loewe OE333 radio receiver. This tube prompted Loewe’s multi-tube production and is today lauded as the world’s first integrated circuit.

Television development began at Loewe in 1929. The company worked together with British television pioneer John Logie Baird. In 1931, Manfred von Ardenne presented the world’s first fully electronic television to the public on the Loewe stand at the 8th Berlin Radio Show.

When Hitler came to power in Germany, Siegmund Loewe had to emigrate to the USA in 1938, where he developed friendship with yet another forced emigrant, Albert Einstein.

In 1949, Siegmund Loewe regained possession of company property and took over as chairman of the supervisory board. In the 1950s, Loewe began producing the Optaphon, the first cassette tape recorder, and manufacturing televisions in Kronach. 1961 saw the first European video recorder, the Optacord 500, enter mass production.

In 1962, the family company tradition ended with the death of Siegmund Loewe. Subsidiaries of the Philips group took over the majority of shares. Under this management, which continued until 1985, the company increasingly specialised in the development and production of televisions.

In 1963, the first portable television, Loewe Optaport, was launched. It had a 25cm screen and built-in FM radio. The first Loewe colour televisions were launched along with the introduction of colour television in Germany. Loewe revolutionised television production in 1979 with a fully integrated chassis (everything on a single board). The first European stereo television followed in 1981.

In 1985, management made Loewe a privately owned company again after Philips sold its shares. In the same year, Loewe created the Art 1, a new generation of TVs with a focus on design.

The CS1 represented another international first in 1995 as the world’s first fully recyclable television. At this time, the course was also set for systematic further development as a multimedia specialist.

1998 marked two more milestones in the company history: the launch of the Xelos @ media, the first television with internet access, and that of the Spheros, the first Loewe flat-screen television. In the following year, Loewe AG became a publicly listed company.

With the Individual, the first flat-screen TV with individual housing options, set-up solutions and inset colours, Loewe took a decisive step and became a premium flat-screen TV manufacturer.

Loewe Connect, the world's first smart TV with fully integrated network capability for wireless access to picture, music and video files on a computer or external hard drive followed in 2008.

LED technology was adopted at Loewe in 2010 in the new Individual. In the following year, Loewe introduced 3D picture display to its Individual range.


LOEWE HISTORY IN GERMAN:
Loewe war und ist immer ein besonderer Betrieb - und bis ins 21. Jahrhundert aktiv und in privatem Besitz. Nicht nur «das erste IC», die Röhre 3NF ist da zu erwähnen, sondern auch die Mitentwicklung des elektronischen Fernsehens in Deutschland.

1923: Radiofrequenz-GmbH und Loewe-Audion GmbH, Berlin-Friedenau;
1926: Aktiengesellschaft D.S. Loewe, Berlin-Steglitz;
1930: Radio-Aktien-Gesellschaft Dr. S. Loewe;
1933 (nach): Löwe-Radio AG;
1942: Opta-Radio AG;
1949: Loewe-Opta AG;
1965: Loewe Opta GmbH, Kronach.
Radios: 1923 bis 1926, Loewe 1927 bis 1978. TV-Fabrikation danach.


Nach Studium der Physik und Elektrotechnik promoviert Siegmund Loewe (Berlin 6.11.1885-28.5.1962 USA) unter Max Wien mit magna cum laude zum Dr. phil. Er tritt bei der Firma Telefunken ein und wechselt 1915 zur Firma Huth, wo er die Leitung der Laboratorien und der Patentabteilung übernimmt. 1918 mietet Loewe in Berlin SW61 eine 7-Zimmer-Wohnung und erstellt mit einer kleinen Entwicklungsgruppe einen Telefonie-Röhrensender, dessen Sendungen in dem nicht weit entfernten Haus des Scherl-Verlages von Otto Kappelmayer zu empfangen sind. Um seine Kenntnisse zu erweitern, begibt sich Loewe in die USA. Einen ausführlichen Bericht von und über Loewe finden Sie in [1-99], woraus Sie erkennen können, dass Loewe das treibende Element für den Rundfunk in Deutschland war. Wie er gegen den Monopolanspruch von Telefunken/Lorenz/Huth (Funkkartell «Rundfunk GmbH») kämpfte und weitere Details finden Sie in [6-121].

Nach seiner Rückkehr aus den USA wird das Versuchslabor von Loewe zum Kristallisationspunkt der jungen Funktechnik. Im Dezember 1921 erhält Loewe Besuch von Lee de Forest, und sie verbessern gemeinsam Röhren. 1921 entstehen auch zwei grundlegende Patente für den Konus-Lautsprecher. Loewe eröffnet ein zweites Laboratorium und gründet 1923 die Loewe-Audion-GmbH für die Herstellung von Radioröhren sowie die Radiosender GmbH.

Im Dezember 1921 lernt der Realschüler Manfred von Ardenne den Radiopionier Loewe in einem Elektrikergeschäft kennen und ist darauf häufiger Gast in den Laboratorien von Loewe. Ein Autor schreibt, dass Loewe zum «Ziehvater» des jungen von Ardenne wird und er in der Familie aufgenommen ist, doch von Ardenne beschreibt dies in seinem Buch «Eine glückliche Jugend im Zeichen der Technik» (DDR) nicht.

Die wahrscheinlich 1923 gegründete Loewe Radio GmbH führt der jüngste Loewe-Bruder Bernhard. Das D bei D.S. Loewe steht für den älteren Bruder, David (Teilhaber).

Radiofrequenz GmbH und Loewe-Audion GmbH (1923-27):
Am 22.1.23 erwirbt Dr. Siegmund Loewe die seit 1918/19 bestehende Mechanische Werkstatt Grüttner & Lütgert in Berlin-Friedenau und gründet die Radiofrequenz GmbH. Die ersten Geräte sind für den Export bestimmt. Davon sind mir die Typen EA51, EA52 und EA54 bekannt. EA steht für «Empfangs-Apparat».

Im Jahr darauf stellt der Betrieb die Ziffer 9 vor die laufende Nummer. Der Sprung von EA958 auf EA980 deutet auf andere Artikel hin (z.B. Trichterlautsprecher und kombinierte Geräte etc.). Nachher ist keine Nummernsystematik mehr zu erkennen, ausser den Buchstabenkombinationen wie OE (Orts-Empfänger), FE (Fern-Empfänger), KV (KW-Vorsetzer), RO (Rückkopplungs-Ortsempfänger) etc.
1927 gibt Loewe den Namen Radiofrequenz auf und verwendet seinen eigenen Namen. Die drei Geräte OE333, 2H3N und NVG gibt es unter beiden Namen, da sie Loewe 1927/28 ohne neue Modelle weiter produziert. Mehr als eine Million dieser Geräte lassen sich zum Stückpreis von 39.50 RM verkaufen, und die Tagesproduktion erreicht zeitweise 2000 Einheiten.

Im Oktober 1923 gründet Loewe eine weitere Gesellschaft zur Herstellung von Rundfunkröhren mit dem Namen Loewe-Audion GmbH, ebenfalls an der Niedstrasse 5 in Berlin-Friedenau gelegen. Zuerst entstehen dort Wolfram-, dann Thoriumröhren als «Sparröhren». Im September 1924 meldet Loewe die grundlegenden Patente zur Dreifachröhre mit integrierten Bauteilen an, die 1926 als 3NF mit dem «Loewe Ortsempfänger OE333» einen legendären Ruf erreicht.

Loewe, Löwe, Opta, Loewe-Opta
Die Schrift «Loewe-Story» aus dem Hause Loewe-Opta zeigt die Abbildung eines «Detektor-Empfängers» mit zwei Steckspulen, der angeblich zur Eröffnung des Rundfunks bereitstand. Es ist aber ein umfunktionierter Sperrkreis für den Empfänger 2H3N, Baujahr 1927, was auch aus dem Firmenschild mit «Berlin-Steglitz» hervorgeht.

1926 entsteht die Aktiengesellschaft D.S. Loewe, Berlin-Steglitz. Als zweites Gerät unter der neuen Marke Loewe bzw. Loewe Radio gilt der auf der Funkausstellung im September 1926 gezeigte Fernempfänger 2H3N zu RM 150. Auch Lautsprecherboxen mit Loewe-Konus-Lautsprecher und Stoffbezug im «Südsee-look» sind nun erhältlich. Wegen der steigenden Anzahl Rundfunksender treten Trennschärfeprobleme auf, so dass die Dreifachröhre für den Einbezug einer Rückkopplung einen siebten Anschluss erhält. Diese «3NF7» baut Loewe ab 1928 in alle OE333, 2H3N und in das dritte Gerät, den RO433 ein. Die elektrische Schallplatten-Abtastdose LR150 erregt Aufsehen; Gewicht 260 g! Die Dose verlangt einen Abspielwinkel von 55 Grad. Die 3NF gibt es nun auch mit Oxydkathode als 3NFB mit einem Verbrauch von 0,13 statt 0,34 A Heizstrom - zudem beträgt die Verstärkung etwa das Doppelte. Weitere Details zu Firmengründungen von Loewe siehe [638967]. Es sind dies z.B. die Eudarit-Pressgut GmbH für Bakelitgehäuse etc. und die Ortophon-Apparatebau GmbH für den Lautsprecherbau.

1929 bringen die Loewe-Firmen den «Vollnetzanschluss-Empfänger R533» heraus, der mit einer nochmals verbesserten Dreifachröhre, der 3NFW mit indirekter Heizung, ausgestattet ist. 1929 entsteht Loewe's Berliner-Radio-Handels-Aktiengesellschaft. Die Baird Television Company Ltd., London, bietet Loewe die Auswertung und Entwicklung ihrer Schutzrechte und Entwicklungsarbeiten auf dem Fernsehgebiet in Deutschland an. Da dieses Angebot die finanziellen Möglichkeiten von Loewe übersteigt, regt Dr. Loewe eine Beteiligung von Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, und Robert Bosch, Stuttgart, an. Es kommt Mitte 1929 zur Gründung der Fernseh-AG in Berlin, die 1939 im Firmenverband Robert Bosch aufgeht.

1930 fasst Loewe verschiedene seiner Firmen unter dem Namen Radio-Aktien-Gesellschaft Dr. S. Loewe zusammen und mit dem EB100W (1931 EB100G) beginnt die Reihe der Empfänger mit integriertem Lautsprecher.

Im Auftrag der Loewe-Firmen bringt von Ardenne aus seinem eigenen Labor 1930 erste brauchbare Vorschläge zur Helligkeitssteuerung, um auf einem Bildschirm ein gut modulierbares Bildraster zu schreiben. Meine gasgefüllte Braun'sche Röhre aus dem Labor von Ardenne zeugt für die Forschung um 1926.

Auch auf der Senderseite entwickelt Loewe elektronische Medien auf der Grundlage des «Flying-spot-Abtasters», um Filme elektronisch übertragen zu können. Am 25.4.31 veranstalten Dr. S. Loewe und M. von Ardenne in den Lichterfelder-Laboratorien eine Vorführung vor der Fachpresse. Bald darauf kann Loewe die Qualität der mechanischen Systeme erreichen und übertreffen. Siehe [1-127f]. 1932 geht von Ardenne eigene Wege. 1933, ein Jahr vor den Mitbewerbern, erkennt Dr. Loewe die Notwendigkeit von Allstrom-Apparaten und bringt den 1-Kreis-Empfänger «Edda» auf den Markt. (Ganz so richtig ist das nicht: zumindest Emud kommt 1931 mit «Allstrom», EE). Zu der Zeit halten sich Wohnungen mit Gleich- bzw. Wechselstrom etwa die Waage und eine Familie, die umzieht, kann den transformatorlosen Apparat weiterverwenden. Der Apparat führt die Allstrom-Dreifachröhre WD33. Das Allstromkonzept führt Loewe auch für Mehrkreis- und Superhet-Empfänger mit den Röhren WG34, WG35 und WG36 fort.

Auf dem in England bestellten Sattelschlepper mit einer Fernseh-Sendereinrichtung steht anlässlich der Premiere vom Juli 1934 in London gross der Namenszug Radio A.G. D.S. Loewe. Das Regime in Deutschland lässt die Firma jedoch bald in Löwe-Radio AG umtaufen und 1942 in Opta-Radio AG. Loewe wandert 1936 in die USA aus und gründet dort die Loewe Radio Inc. Er hat 1938 aus dem Vorstand in Deutschland auszuscheiden.

1941-44 fertigen die Opta-Betriebe ausschliesslich Rüstungsgüter; Opta-Radios sind dann Fremdtypen [638966-19]. Man gliedert Grassman in den Opta-Betrieb ein. Es entstehen Auslagerungsbetriebe, z.B. in Oberlungwitz in Sachsen. In Berlin-Weissensee entsteht während des Krieges ein Betrieb für Röhrenbau [DRM94].

Noch im März 1945 verlagert das Unternehmen eine wichtige Kriegsfertigung nach Küps bei Kronach. Dies ist die Keimzelle der neuen Firma, denn 1948 kann S. Loewe seine Wiedergutmachungsansprüche durchsetzen und erhält das Sagen beim demontierten Hauptwerk in Berlin und der Auslagerungsstätte in Küps bei Kronach. In Küps fabriziert Loewe ab 1946. Gemäss «Loewe-Story» gibt es vor November 1947 den «Kronach», wahrscheinlich 547W, in einer Auflage von zwei Geräten pro Tag. Ein getrenntes Werk in Düsseldorf-Heerdt offeriert als Firma Opta-Spezial GmbH von 1950 bis 1954 Opta-Spezial-Radios [6-124]. Konsul Bruno Pieper wirkt als Generaldirektor.

Jedenfalls: Auf der Leipziger Messe von 1947 sind wieder Loewe-Entwicklungen zu sehen. Die Firma erzeugt 1950 mit dem «Optaphon» das erste deutsche Kassetten-Tonbandgerät. 1961 ist Loewe mit dem «Optacord 500», einer für den privaten Gebrauch konzipierten Video-Anlage, führend beim Bildschirmtext und baut vor allem modernste TV-Empfänger - ein Steckenpferd von Dr. S. Loewe. Er stirbt 1962.

Bis 1978 fertigt die Firma Radios in Berlin, löst diesen Betrieb aber auf. Der Mitarbeiterbestand bei Loewe beträgt Ende der 80er Jahre ca. 1500. Die Loewe Opta GmbH, Kronach, gehört in den 90er Jahren zu 51,9 % der Management GBR (Gesellschaft leitender Mitarbeiter der GmbH) und zu 48,1 % zu Matsushita (Panasonic), wobei eine gute gegenseitige Befruchtung für das Hauptprodukt, TV, zum Tragen kommt.

Loewe in Ostdeutschland:
Opta Leipzig, ab 1950 VEB Stern-Radio Leipzig genannt, geht 1952 im VEB Fernmeldewerk Leipzig auf. Die Radioproduktion endet 1950/51.

Nach dem Krieg versuchen Loewe-Mitarbeiter des Zweigwerkes in Oberlungwitz in Sachsen, Maschinen und Vorrichtungen nach West-Berlin zu transportieren, doch die Sowjets verlangen, dass diese Güter in die Röhrenfabrik Berlin-Weissensee gelangen.

Dieser Loewe-Betrieb arbeitet mit der Röhrenfabrik in Berlin.

Loewe hat auch in anderen Ländern Produktionsstätten, so z.B. in Grossbritannien. Vor allem aber auch Handelsniederlassungen, wie Loewe Radio S.A., 3 quai de Willebroeck, Bruxelles (adress in 1932).

 

German technology manufacturer Loewe declares bankruptcy:

  On October 1-2013 , Loewe, a producer of entertainment and communications technology, declared bankruptcy at the Cobourg district court.

 
The long-established company was founded in Berlin in 1923 as Radiofrequenz Gmbh by physicist and electronic technician Sigmund Loewe and his brother Ludwig David Loewe. The firm was one of the first in Germany to produce electronic tubes for televisions, loudspeakers and resistors. The well-known physicist Manfred von Ardenne participated in the development of televisions by Loewe from 1929, which led to the first-ever electronic television broadcast in 1931 at the radio exhibition in Berlin.

As they were Jewish, the Loewe brothers were forced into exile after the assumption of power by the Nazis in 1933. Ludwig emigrated to the United States in 1934, and Sigmund in 1938. The company was subsequently “Aryanised” and reorganised for war production in 1939 for the German air force. At the end of the Second World War, in March 1945, the company moved to Kronach, although the main plant in Berlin Steglitz continued in existence until 1979.

Sigmund Loewe returned to Germany in 1946, took over the leadership of the firm and developed the first cassette recorder in the 1950s as well as the first European video recorder in 1961. In 1963, Loewe produced the first portable television.

Loewe was the head of his firm until his death in 1962. The majority shareholding subsequently went to concealed subsidiaries of the Phillips group, which sold their entire stake in 1985. Since 1999, Loewe AG has been listed on the stock market.

The orientation to customers with buying power was the basis of the company’s production for decades. Loewe developed the first television with Internet access in 1998. In 2005, the firm produced its first flat-screen model.

A crisis in 2004, caused by the firm’s failure to respond quickly to the development of flat-screen technology, was overcome with a capital injection from the Japanese firm Sharp and a drastic programme of budget cuts. This was worked out between the IG Metall trade union, the works council and company management.

Of the 1,250 employees, 300 were laid off, and those who remained had to work longer without any corresponding wage increase. In addition, they had to give up half of their monthly salary or a whole monthly wage. In this way, costs were reduced by 25 percent. In 2007, the company registered a surplus of €6.5 million and the workers received a one-off premium of €3,000.

“That was of course great for the people there,” said Christopher Schmitz from the Verdi union, as Verdi agreed to wage cuts at the Karstadt department store chain three years ago. “But Loewe is a complete one-off.” The workers would never normally see any of their money again.

The crisis at Loewe, which has been ongoing for five years, is a consequence of the global economic crisis that broke out in 2008. During this period, total sales have fallen from €374 million to €250 million. The groups that Loewe had targeted for a long time, such as skilled workers and specialists, who could afford to concern themselves with quality, have been rocked by the effects of the crisis with the loss of their jobs and wage cuts, or at least the permanent threat of this possibility.

At the end of 2012, there were still close to 1,000 employees working at the Kronach facility. In April 2013, after “constructive discussions with the works council and IG Metall,” 180 jobs were cut, including 130 in production. With the further announcement of 150 redundancies in September, Loewe has laid off around 35 percent of its workforce in less than six months with the support of the trade unions and works council.

Loewe’s competitors in the high-end sector are also suffering due to the crisis. The Danish entertainment and electronics concern Bang & Olufsen reported heavy losses. The firm is the second largest European company in the industry and registered a shortfall of €9 million in the last quarter.

On October 1, Loewe, a producer of entertainment and communications technology, declared bankruptcy at the Cobourg district court.
Two weeks previously, the company, which is based in Kronach, announced that it would make 150 of its 800 workers redundant as part of a restructuring process to take “measures to adjust the cost base.” The ailing company was seeking new investors by laying off the workers. The measure was “an essential precondition for the intervention of an investor and the maintenance of the whole company,” said Matthias Harsch, the chief executive of the board of Loewe AG.
Earlier this year, in July, Loewe applied for bankruptcy protection, which involved the establishment of a restructuring plan that was supervised by an administrator appointed by a court. The company was thereby granted three months’ protection from its creditors, and it introduced restructuring measures. The expiration of the period of bankruptcy protection has now led to actual bankruptcy proceedings.
In the middle of the Bavarian election campaign in August, state president Horst Seehofer of the Christian Social Union (CSU) pledged state guarantees for the company if an investor could be found.
Then in September, Loewe announced a partnership agreement with Hisense, a Chinese producer of televisions and kitchen appliances. The company is the fourth largest producer of televisions globally, has its headquarters in Kingdao in eastern China, and was considered a possible investor. According to Spiegel Online, both companies had recently begun joint distributions in Austria, which was viewed as a test market.
However, Hisense had not committed to any financial assistance, as the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung ( FAZ ) reported. FAZ went on to explain that there was also “a group of British financiers who want to give Loewe a new strategic direction.” If the company does not find an investor by the end of October, it will be dismantled.
Loewe reported losses in August of close to €15 million (US$20 million), after three loss-making years in a row. The company’s liquidity fell from €27 million to just €8 million, while its capital shrank from €48 million to €25 million. The bankruptcy announcement at the beginning of October caused Loewe’s stock to drop immediately by 50 percent.
Loewe specialised for decades in expensive televisions and high-end entertainment equipment. It has now changed its sales strategy and wants to open up to “the mass market” of cheap televisions and loudspeakers, because “the specialised trade only accounts for 25 percent” of the market, as Harsch told Der Spiegel in an interview.
In order to sell goods cheaply in major stores, production was to be outsourced to Asia. A facility would continue in Kronach for the manufacturing of “high-end appliances.” However, in future, it will not be production in Germany that is important, but rather the label “engineered and designed in Germany.” “We are not a producer of appliances any more, and that’s what I’m trying to persuade the firm,” Harsch said in the same interview.

21/03/2014: Münchener Investor übernimmt Loewe:

KronachNach langem Bangen hat der traditionsreiche Fernsehgerätehersteller Loewe einen Investor gefunden und hofft nun auf eine bessere Zukunft. Das Münchner Finanzunternehmen Stargate Capital übernimmt das oberfränkische Traditionsunternehmen, hieß es in einer am Freitagabend veröffentlichten Mitteilung. „Wir sind sehr froh, dass es nach den Turbulenzen der letzten Wochen gelungen ist, einen starken Partner für Loewe zu finden“, erklärte Vorstandschef Matthias Harsch. „Loewe kann nun endlich neu durchstarten.“

Ein notarieller Kaufvertrag über den gesamten Geschäftsbetrieb sei bereits von beiden Seiten unterzeichnet worden, hieß es. Der neue Eigentümer führe den Geschäftsbetrieb am Standort Kronach einschließlich der Produktion fort. Zudem übernimmt Stargate Capital auch die internationalen Tochtergesellschaften. Von den aktuell rund 525 Mitarbeitern dürfen jedoch nur 430 bleiben. Von der Börse will sich Loewe verabschieden.

Durch die Übernahme von Stargate Capital blieben mehr Arbeitsplätze erhalten, als es bei den Erwerberkonzepten aller anderen Kaufinteressenten vorgesehen war, betonte Loewe-Finanzvorstand Rolf Rickmeyer. Die 95 Mitarbeiter, die nach dem Einstieg des Investors nicht übernommen werden sollen, stammen vor allem aus der Produktion und sollen bis Ende September weiterbeschäftigt werden. Von Oktober an sollen sie dann in eine Transfergesellschaft wechseln können. „Dass nicht alle Arbeitsplätze gerettet werden können, bedauere ich umso mehr, als es nicht zuletzt das Verdienst der Mitarbeiter ist, dass Loewe diese schwere Zeit überstehen konnte“, sagte Rickmeyer.

Seit einem Jahr war Loewe inständig auf der Suche nach einem Retter. Im Frühjahr 2013 schockte der Hersteller von Premium-TVs mit der Nachricht, dass die Hälfte des Grundkapitals bald aufgezehrt sei. Im Herbst folgte der Antrag auf Insolvenz in Eigenverwaltung. Mitte Januar dieses Jahres schien es so, als sei mit dem Investor Panthera bereits ein Retter gefunden. Doch vor einem Monat trat die private Investorengruppe völlig überraschend vom Kaufvertrag zurück.

Nach dieser erneuten Hiobsbotschaft für die bei Loewe verbliebenen Mitarbeiter trat Stargate Capital auf den Plan. Das Finanzunternehmen aus München ist auf Investments in mittelständische Unternehmen spezialisiert. „Mit Stargate Capital haben wir vor allem einen Investor gefunden, der eine langfristige Strategie verfolgt mit dem Ziel, Loewe wieder zu alter Stärke zurückzuführen“, erklärte Vorstandschef Harsch.

Über den genauen Kaufpreis schwiegen beide Seiten. Er liege „im oberen einstelligen Millionenbereich“, hieß es lediglich. In den kommenden Jahren seien Investitionen im mittleren zweistelligen Millionenbereich geplant.


 UPDATE: 01.07.2019 With Loewe, it's over now, here is why..............

The plant in Kronach remains largely deserted from this Monday on: The Upper Franconian TV manufacturer Loewe ceases operations. Most of the more than 400 employees no longer show up for work.

Loewe has been in a crisis for years and now, at least for the time being, the production of televisions in Kronach, Upper Franconia, has come to an end. On Monday, the bankrupt manufacturer with a long tradition ceases operations. The majority of the more than 400 employees are released from work and do not have to come to work. According to the provisional insolvency administrator Rüdiger Weiß, only a core team of ten to fifteen employees remains.

The remaining few employees will continue to look for a rescuing investor in the coming months. One of the most urgent tasks for the insolvency administrator and the Loewe works council is now to negotiate a social plan for the workforce. According to Weiß, he hopes to be able to conclude this by mid-July.

Although the employees are currently released from their duties and no longer receive a salary from Loewe, no one has been dismissed so far. This can only be done after an agreement has been reached on a social plan and a reconciliation of interests. According to Weiß, if no investor is found, the employment contracts could be kept until the end of October at the latest.

Dispute with IG Metall

According to the insolvency administrator's assessment, it will take that long even in the event of another rescue until there is clarity. "We expect the investor process to take another four months," said Weiß. "We will do everything we can to find someone, there have already been initial discussions with investors.

For Loewe, this is the second crisis in a few years to threaten its very existence. "Loewe has been running a loss-making business for years," said Weiß. "Everyone in the company agrees that the compensation structure is not appropriate. To cover personnel costs alone, annual sales of EUR 150 million would be required; for a black zero, we would need sales of EUR 180 million. In fact, it was 120 million in the end."

However, there are fierce disputes with the trade union. The Bavarian IG Metall district manager Johann Horn accuses the British investment company Riverrock of deliberately refusing Loewe new loans. There is some evidence that "the financial investor Riverrock is waiting until Loewe has finally bled out, only to earn money with the ruins of the company afterwards," Horn recently said. In addition, he pointed out that the investor wanted to implement such drastic wage cuts and worse working conditions.

Postbank plays an important role

According to IG Metall, Riverrock has kept Loewe afloat in the past with a double-digit million euro loan, but has now refused a new loan. The former management has also pledged the Loewe brand name to Riverrock.

The preliminary insolvency administrator rejects these accusations: "I cannot understand the criticism of IG Metall," said Weiß. In the presence of the union, all possible models for restructuring had been agreed. "We needed EUR 5.5 million to continue operations until the end of the year and a further EUR 3.4 million for a qualification and employment company for all employees.

According to Weiß, Riverrock was willing to finance this company - but made it dependent on Postbank's decision to take over Loewes' outstanding debts, to pay them on behalf of Loewes and to collect them from customers. So far, Postbank has refused to do so.


r.i.p. GERMANY..............................

Literature

  • 75 Jahre Loewe (1923-1998). Und die Zukunft geht weiter, author's edition 1998
  • Kilian J.L. Steiner: Ortsempfänger, Volksfernseher und Optaphon. Die Entwicklung der deutschen Radio- und Fernsehindustrie und das Unternehmen Loewe 1923-1962. Klartext Verlag, Essen 2005, ISBN 978-3-89861-492-4
  • Frank Keuper, Jürgen Kindervater, Heiko Dertinger, Andreas Heim (Hrsg.): Das Diktat der Markenführung. 11 Thesen zur nachhaltigen Markenführung und -implementierung. Mit einem umfassenden Fallbeispiel der Loewe AG, Gabler Fachverlage, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-8349-0852-0

References

Einzelnachweise

loewe.tv: Impressum
Loewe bild 7 - Gold - Entertainment - German Design Award. Abgerufen am 9. Oktober 2017.

http://www.nordbayerischer-kurier.de/nachrichten/loewe-gliedert-markenrechte-aus_627658

NDR: Manfred von Ardenne - Herr des Fernsehens. Abgerufen am 9. Oktober 2017.

NDR: Manfred von Ardenne - Herr des Fernsehens. Abgerufen am 9. Oktober 2017.

Loewe. Abgerufen am 13. September 2017 (englisch).

Radioapparate. In: Berliner Adreßbuch, 1924, Teil 2, S. 475.

Kilian J. L. Steiner: Die „Arisierung“ der Radioaktiengesellschaft D. S. Loewe in Berlin-Steglitz. In: Christof Biggeleben u. a.: „Arisierung“ in Berlin. Metropol Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-938690-55-0, S. 226.

radiomuseum-bocket: Der OE333 Ortsempfänger. Abgerufen am 8. November 2016.

radiomuseum.org: Ortsempfänger OE333. Abgerufen am 28. Januar 2016.

radiomuseum.org: Röhre 3NF. Abgerufen am 28. Januar 2016.

Die Loewe-Röhre 3NFB – Analyse einer Mehrfachröhre. (PDF; 170 kB)

Kilian J. L. Steiner: Die „Arisierung“ der Radioaktiengesellschaft D. S. Loewe in Berlin-Steglitz. In: Christof Biggeleben u. a.: „Arisierung“ in Berlin. Metropol Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-938690-55-0, S. 226.

Kilian J. L. Steiner: Die „Arisierung“ der Radioaktiengesellschaft D. S. Loewe in Berlin-Steglitz. In: Christof Biggeleben u. a.: „Arisierung“ in Berlin. Metropol Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-938690-55-0, S. 226.

Joachim Hofer: Loewe will leben. In: Handelsblatt. 17. Juli 2013, S. 16 f.

Letzte Chance für Loewe. In: Handelsblatt. 17. Juli 2013, S. 1.

Loewe hofft auf den reichen Retter. Handelsblatt, 16. Juli 2013, abgerufen am 16. Juli 2013.

Loewe schwört trotz Krise auf Luxus-Geschäftsmodell. inFranken.de, 31. Juli 2013, abgerufen am 1. August 2013.

Loewe: Partner kommt aus China. inFranken.de, 31. Juli 2013, abgerufen am 1. August 2013.

Loewe: Kapitalmaßnahmen auf den Weg gebracht. (Nicht mehr online verfügbar.) Loewe AG, 7. August 2013, archiviert vom Original am 5. Oktober 2013; abgerufen am 1. September 2013. i Info: Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.

Restrukturierungsprozess vor dem Abschluss. (Nicht mehr online verfügbar.) Loewe AG, 16. September 2013, archiviert vom Original am 26. September 2013; abgerufen am 17. September 2013. i Info: Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.

TV-Hersteller Loewe meldet Insolvenz an (1. Oktober 2013)

Loewe AG: Insolvenzverfahren in Eigenverwaltung bestätigt. (Memento des Originals vom 4. Oktober 2013 im Internet Archive) i Info: Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis. Ad-hoc-Meldung auf: corporate.loewe.tv, 1. Oktober 2013.

TV-Hersteller in der Krise: Loewe meldet Insolvenz an. auf: spiegel.de, 1. Oktober 2013.

Bevollmächtigter gibt sich für Loewe optimistisch. FAZ.net. 13. Oktober 2013

Insolventer TV-Hersteller: Loewe-Käufer machen Rückzieher. Spiegel Online, 24. Februar 2014, abgerufen am 24. Februar 2014.

Stargate Capital übernimmt Loewe, Handelsblatt, am 21. März 2014

Neue Hoffnung für Loewe: Finanzinvestor übernimmt TV-Gerätebauer. In: Heise Online. 22. März 2014, abgerufen am 23. März 2014.

Loewe findet neuen Investor. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung. 22. März 2014, abgerufen am 23. März 2014.

Andreas Wilkens: Loewe-Rettung in trockenen Tüchern. 9. April 2014, abgerufen am 9. April 2014.

Loewe: 2016 noch kein Gewinn | Nordbayerischer Kurier. Abgerufen am 28. August 2017.

Loewe. Abgerufen am 9. Oktober 2017 (englisch).

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